Estate Planning - Living Wills and Durable Powers of Attorney For Health and Finance

Estate planning frequently involves more than just having a Will. Living wills as well as durable powers of attorney for health care and finance protect your estate in case your are incapacitated, but not deceased.

A living will permits you to express your wishes regarding resuscitation and life maintaining measures in the event you later become incapable of communicating your desires. It can help you try to avoid what some believe to be an undignified existence by allowing you to decline medical treatment, food, and water if these things are "artificially" keeping you alive. The choice is yours to make and physicians will honor your wishes if the proper documents are submitted.

A durable power of attorney for health care, on the other hand, allows you to appoint another person to make decisions for you regarding your medical care in the event you cannot. This power is broader than the living will. It, too, covers situations where you may be terminally ill and need resuscitation or other life maintaining measures to stay alive. Your agent, or attorney-in-fact, can decline these treatments if you give them that power. It also applies to situations where a health care decision is required but you cannot make that decision yourself (i.e., you are unconscious as a result of injury). Your agent could authorize or decline medical treatment on your behalf.

A durable power of attorney for finance allows you to appoint another person to make decisions for you regarding your real and personal property. This power is broad and covers situations where you are terminally ill or unconscious as a result of injury, but still living. Your agent, or attorney-in-fact, can manage your financial affairs as you so wish.

If you decide to create either a living will or a durable power of attorney for health care and/or finance, you will need to consider several things before you complete the documents. You will have to provide the name and contact information for the individual(s) that you nominate to make decisions for you in the event that you cannot make them.

Be sure to inform the person you nominate of your wishes. You can permit or refuse to permit donation of your organs for transplant. You can also permit or refuse to permit donation of your body for scientific or educational purposes. Some people wish to spend their last days at home rather than in a hospital. Some people wish to nominate one person to act as their attorney-in-fact for health care and another for their finance. You can express your wishes regarding these issues in these documents. Finally, you can express your wishes about funeral arrangements.

Please consult with an attorney if you desire to execute or have questions regarding estate planning documents.

Tips in Making a Family Tree for Your Estate Plan   Retirement Planning: It's About More Than Just Finances   Preparing and Writing Your Own Living Will   Planning For Your Personal Effects   How to Avoid a Guardianship   

Trust Planning: Wills Vs Trusts

Wills vs Trusts: which is best for you?

A trust is basically a legal contract that transfers property and assets from one person, the grantor, to another person or group of person, the beneficiaries, through the trustee. The GRANTOR is the person with the property or asset to transfer. The TRUSTEE takes care of the assets and or property for the benefits of the BENEFICIARIES. This is often done while the grantor is still alive, hence, the name Living Trust.

A will, on the other hand is a deed that states how you would like your property, assets and other effects managed and distributed or divided upon your death. There is also PROBATE, the process in which the will is submitted to a court for administration after your passing and for accomplishment. The EXECUTOR of the will, usually a person named in the will and usually a lawyer, is the person responsible for managing the affairs of the estate as it goes through probate. The court will then supervise your estate and the distribution of your assets as descried in your will with specifications on the requisites for transfer of your assets.

Choosing: pros and cons

When looking at wills vs trusts, trusts seem to have the upper hand. Trusts, as stated above, are acted upon while you are still alive, thus giving you the opportunity to supervise the transfer of ownership of assets and property personally. With living trusts, there are revocable and irrevocable trusts. The revocable trust can be changed at anytime if the grantor is not satisfied or is having second thoughts about the beneficiary or the trustee. Irrevocable trusts cannot be changed, well not without a lengthy process, so the grantor should be careful when trust planning an irrevocable trust.

When it comes to a will, given that you will be dead by the time the will is executed, you can not oversee the transfer yourself. Although the will is very specific in what you want done, it usually takes a long time to process. The probate, for one thing, takes a lot of time, and also requires a lawyer which incurs cost to your estate.

So, in the comparison of wills vs. trusts, the living trusts come out as the strong and practical choice. But in choosing which is best for you is up to you. The trick is to research more and finding out more about them in other wills vs trusts comparison.

It all comes down to careful planning.

Tips in Making a Family Tree for Your Estate Plan   Retirement Planning: It's About More Than Just Finances   Preparing and Writing Your Own Living Will   Planning For Your Personal Effects   

A Guide To Understanding Estate Planning Documents

When it comes time to consider estate planning, many people can procrastinate without understanding the consequences of their delay. No one is truly comfortable thinking about what happens in the case of injury, disability, or even death, especially if young children are involved. However, one of the best ways to achieve peace of mind is to have a complete estate plan in place to make sure your family is taken care of when the time comes.

There are five primary documents when it comes to estate planning, ranging from a Will to a Power of Attorney. Let's take a moment to look at these five documents that help us make sure our families are taken care of. Laws can vary by state, so it's important to have each document drawn up by a local attorney who's familiar with each state's regulations and guidelines.

Will

The Will is what many people think in terms of complete estate planning. This document primarily addresses three important questions, but only comes into effect upon one's death. First, it designates who controls the administration of one's estate after someone passes away. Second, it establishes who receives the assets. Third, it designates legal guardians and conservators to handle the medical and financial decisions if there are any surviving minors. This document is vital in securing the foundation of your final matters if you do not have a Revocable Living Trust.

Power of Attorney: Medical and Financial

There are two main types of power of attorney documents everybody needs:  a Financial Power of Attorney and a Medical Power of Attorney. These two documents are only effective while one is alive. They grant a person control of financial and medical affairs in the case of disability, a coma, or any circumstance that would prevent you from making your own decisions. Each document helps prevent the expense of a court proceeding to determine who is allowed to manage your financial and medical decisions when you are unable to do so. 

Living Will

The Living Will, also known as an advanced medical directive, is used to officially state, in advance, whether one wants to refuse or terminate the use of artificial life support should the situation arise. This document also allows an individual to state in advance whether he or she should receive food and water in the event the Living Will is in effect. By establishing your desires in advance, it helps remove such burden from your family's shoulders.

Living Trust

A Living Trust, also known as a revocable trust or revocable living trust, is an alternative to the standard Will. It is a tremendously flexible document that can provide for the management of one's assets while alive and upon his or her passing. This method of estate planning enables exceptional control over one's assets. If drafted properly, it limits or eliminates certain taxes and offers a tremendous degree of asset protection for one's heirs should they ever get divorced or have other creditor problems. 

These five documents cover several of life's circumstances and should be a part of everybody's base estate plan. 

Tips in Making a Family Tree for Your Estate Plan   Retirement Planning: It's About More Than Just Finances   Preparing and Writing Your Own Living Will   How to Include Your Pets in Your Estate Plan   

What You Don't Know About Your Estate Planning Could Hurt You!

Estate Planning is the process of looking at one's financial situation, preparing a plan for how income and property will be handled if a person should become disabled or die, and signing legal papers to implement the plan.

Most people are concerned about what will happen to their property when they die. If a person does not decide who should inherit from them and sign the appropriate legal documents, the law will "fill in the blanks" and make the decision for them. Under Illinois law, if a person dies without a will, or without some other legal mechanism for designating who will inherit from that person - such as naming a beneficiary on a bank account, insurance policy, or in a trust - that property will go to family members called "legal heirs."

For example, under Illinois law, property will go to the husband or wife of the deceased upon death, unless the deceased also has children, in which case only 50% goes to the husband or wife, and the other 50% is divided among the children. If the deceased person has no husband or wife, 100% is divided equally among the children. If the deceased person has no spouse and never had any children, the property goes to the parents and brothers and sisters, in equal shares. There are other legal rules governing who will inherit if certain family members died before the deceased person, or if none of the relatives listed above remain.

What Is a Will?

A will is a written statement directing who will wrap up the financial affairs, and who will receive someone's money and other property when the person passes away. The property left in the deceased's name at the time of death is called the "estate." The people named in the will to receive property upon the decedent's death are called "legatees." They may or may not also be the "legal heirs."

What is a Living Trust?

A "living" or "intervivos" trust is one that is set up and funded while the grantor is alive. Usually the grantor names himself or herself both trustee and beneficiary. In contrast, a trust which comes into being under the terms of a will, after the grantor's death, is called a "testamentary" trust.

One might set up a living trust to provide for a smooth transition to another trustee or beneficiary upon his or her death or incapacity. If the beneficiary of the trust dies, the property in the trust can pass to another beneficiary without the need for probate court proceedings. A living trust can also help avoid the need for appointment of a guardian. Where the grantor/trustee becomes incapacitated, a successor trustee can take over management of the trust.

What are Guardianships?

Parents or other family care givers may worry about who will care for, and protect, disabled children or adults, when the parents are no longer able to do so, either due to death or any other event which renders them unable to continue in their role as protector and/or care giver. It is especially important to assure that someone who has the knowledge, experience, and motivation, to adequately identify the disabled person's needs, and to find, and arrange for, the services necessary to meet those needs, can step in when needed.

Tips in Making a Family Tree for Your Estate Plan   Retirement Planning: It's About More Than Just Finances   Preparing and Writing Your Own Living Will   How to Include Your Pets in Your Estate Plan   Planning For Your Personal Effects